Other studies have shown the composition of the moon to include silicon, magnesium, and iron ('What is the moon made of?' Underwood, 1999, p.

A semicolon ( ) separates the authors of the different sources from each other. In this example, there are no page numbers because we're referring to the overall/main idea of the authors' works rather than specifically citable information.

Several recent studies indicate that ancient humans believed in the moon's rockiness (Underwood, 2016 Ladrian and Harms, 2017).

Following Text Citations: Just the Abbreviation How to decide: You need to give enough information in the text citation for someone to find the reference list citation. However, in following citations, they are sometimes abbreviated and sometimes not.

(National Institute of Mental Health, 1999).

(1999).įirst Parenthetical Citation: Full Name AND Abbreviation Reference List Author Name: Don't Abbreviate

The name should appear in the first in-text citation as it does in the reference citation. Names of group authors are always spelled out in the first citation. green cheese (Hausinger, 1994, as cited in Romanoff et al., 2017).Īssociation, Corporation, Government Agency, etc as Author If you're pulling in a quote or specific info that was repeated from somewhere in the article you actually used, indicate this by mentioning that what you're pulling in is secondhand from the source you actually looked at. Instead, you will cite the article you've actually read in your References (which means your in-text citation will be based on that), but you'll name-drop the other study in your paper. You want to use the info that other study mentions, but you can't find a copy of the full original. This is what you'll use when you've read an article that mentions another study. Underwood (as cited in Slate, 1963), cheese is an unlikely geological material. Underwood casts doubts on the moon being made of cheese (Sousa & Carter, 1941, p. A study done by a team of geologists led by Dr.Source Cited Another Source (Indirect/Secondary Citation) Indirect/Secondary Citation (a source cited in another source).If a source is not paginated, use a method most helpful to readers, such as paragraph number or section/heading name to locate quotation.If use a direct quote, the page number is required.For a work with three (3) or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus 'et al.' in every citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity.Carter who? This breaks the guidance about introducing people when they've been promoted to the main part of the sentence.(1969) found that rocks are a disappointing reality. Sometimes this can work in certain contexts, but it'll probably be easier to stick with parenthetical. It's harder to appropriately namedrop a team of people. Everyone is disappointed by this development (Stark et al., 2009, p. Others argue that the moon is actually made up of various rocks (Stark et al., 1947). Some say the moon is 'green cheese' (Underwood et al., 2000, p. Author last name(s) with year of publication and page number.Even if you were on a first-name basis with that researcher, you would still apply professional courtesy and refer to their titles and last names. Never refer to a professional researcher by their first name alone (Taylor discovered.). Conversely, if the author is not someone significant, don't name them in-text. Putting them in your narrative indicates they're important, so you need to clarify why.

If you mention that author's name in your actual sentence, you must contextualize who they are. Carter (1942) reports that the moon is made of cheese (p. 47).Įxperts agree that 'the moon is comprised of green cheese' (Sousa & Thompson, 1974, p.

The moon is made of green cheese (Carter & Sousa, 2011, p. The moon is made of green cheese (Carter, 2013, p.

Apa in text citation without author